Фондовая биржа Осло. Биржа осло
Фондовая биржа Осло — Википедия
| Фондовая биржа Осло Oslo Børs | |
 | |
 | |
| Фондовая биржа | |
| Осло, Норвегия | |
| 59°54′31″ с. ш. 10°44′52″ в. д.HGЯO | |
| 1819 | |
| Oslo Børs ASA | |
| Бенте А. Ландснес (ген. дирентор)Лэйв Асквиг (председатель совета директоров) | |
| 219 | |
| OBX | |
| www.oslobors.no | |
Фондовая биржа Осло — главный рынок торговли акциями норвежских компаний. Расположена в Осло, Норвегия. Полностью на электронные торги биржа перешла в 1999 году.
Является самой маленькой скандинавской биржей. Основанная в 1819 году как рынок иностранной валюты, она позднее была товарной биржей, а торговля ценными бумагами началась в 1881 году. Фондовые биржи в Бергене и Тронхейме в Норвегии являются филиалами фондовой биржи Осло. Последняя торгует акциями, облигациями, финансовыми опционами и считается норвежским рынком опционов. В листинге преобладают энергетические компании. Общий индекс цен фондовой биржи Осло составляют 50 акций. Все торги проводятся электронным способом и сделки оплачиваются в течение максимум 7 дней. Торговля ведётся с 8:30 до 16:30 с понедельника по пятницу.
- OBX — является главным индексом на бирже Осло. Включает в себя 25 самых ликвидных акций.
- OSEAX — индекс включает в себя все акции, котирующиеся на бирже.
См. также[
ru.bywiki.com
Фондовая биржа Осло — WiKi
Фондовая биржа Осло — главный рынок торговли акциями норвежских компаний. Расположена в Осло, Норвегия. Полностью на электронные торги биржа перешла в 1999 году.
| Фондовая биржа Осло Oslo Børs | |
| | |
|
| |
| Фондовая биржа | |
| Осло, Норвегия | |
| 59°54′31″ с. ш. 10°44′52″ в. д.HGЯO | |
| 1819 | |
| Oslo Børs ASA | |
| Бенте А. Ландснес (ген. дирентор)Лэйв Асквиг (председатель совета директоров) | |
| 219 | |
| OBX | |
| www.oslobors.no | |
Является самой маленькой скандинавской биржей. Основанная в 1819 году как рынок иностранной валюты, она позднее была товарной биржей, а торговля ценными бумагами началась в 1881 году. Фондовые биржи в Бергене и Тронхейме в Норвегии являются филиалами фондовой биржи Осло. Последняя торгует акциями, облигациями, финансовыми опционами и считается норвежским рынком опционов. В листинге преобладают энергетические компании. Общий индекс цен фондовой биржи Осло составляют 50 акций. Все торги проводятся электронным способом и сделки оплачиваются в течение максимум 7 дней. Торговля ведётся с 8:30 до 16:30 с понедельника по пятницу.
ru-wiki.org
Фондовая биржа Осло — Википедия РУ
Фондовая биржа Осло — главный рынок торговли акциями норвежских компаний. Расположена в Осло, Норвегия. Полностью на электронные торги биржа перешла в 1999 году.
| Фондовая биржа Осло Oslo Børs | |
| | |
|
| |
| Фондовая биржа | |
| Осло, Норвегия | |
| 59°54′31″ с. ш. 10°44′52″ в. д.HGЯO | |
| 1819 | |
| Oslo Børs ASA | |
| Бенте А. Ландснес (ген. дирентор)Лэйв Асквиг (председатель совета директоров) | |
| 219 | |
| OBX | |
| www.oslobors.no | |
Является самой маленькой скандинавской биржей. Основанная в 1819 году как рынок иностранной валюты, она позднее была товарной биржей, а торговля ценными бумагами началась в 1881 году. Фондовые биржи в Бергене и Тронхейме в Норвегии являются филиалами фондовой биржи Осло. Последняя торгует акциями, облигациями, финансовыми опционами и считается норвежским рынком опционов. В листинге преобладают энергетические компании. Общий индекс цен фондовой биржи Осло составляют 50 акций. Все торги проводятся электронным способом и сделки оплачиваются в течение максимум 7 дней. Торговля ведётся с 8:30 до 16:30 с понедельника по пятницу.
http-wikipediya.ru
Фондовая биржа Осло
Фондовая биржа Осло (OSE) является ключевой площадкой для торговли акциями крупнейших норвежских компаний. На скандинавском фондовом рынке это самый маленький представитель, основанный в 1819 году. Первоначально компания предоставляла услуги торговли иностранной валютой, а позднее перешла на товарный оборот. Первая норвежская компания получила листинг своих акций на этой площадке в 1881 году.
Биржи, расположенные в других городах страны, являются филиалами компании. По состоянию на 2015 год на OSE трейдеры имеют возможность приобретения не только акций и облигаций, но и опционных контрактов. С 2000 года компания является значимым финансовым учреждением государственного значения. С этого же периода в числе эмитентов биржи значатся не только национальные компании, но и зарубежные бренды. Таких представителей около 40 среди 216 эмитентов. Общая рыночная капитализация всех участников составляет около 290 млн. долларов. Ежедневный оборот биржи по сделкам достигает 600 тыс. долларов.
На OSE введено в обращение несколько индексов, наиболее значимым из которых является OBX. Он представляет собой главный показатель экономического состояния Норвегии. В этот индекс входят котировки акций 25 национальных брендов с капитализацией не менее 80% от общей рыночной капитализации. Индекс определяется с 2003 года, при этом он вырос в 4,4 раза по сравнению с начальными значениями.
Особенности биржи Осло
Скандинавские страны имеют высокие показатели экономического развития, поэтому рынок этих стран в условиях мирового кризиса может не только сохранить капитал, но и значительно преумножить его.
- Сильная экономика. Правительство страны контролирует главные сферы экономики, поэтому Норвегия входит в список лидеров по уровню ВВП на душу населения. Страна обладает одними из крупнейших в мире природных ресурсов, в том числе минералов, энергоносителей, лесных и водных запасов.
- Перспективные национальные компании. Норвегии не имеет большого списка отраслей экономики. Большинство предприятий относится к энергетическому сектору. Доходы от экспорта нефти составляют около 30% от всех бюджетных поступлений. Значимую роль играет и гидроэнергетика, газовая промышленность. В Норвегии активно развивается и туристическое направление.
- Широкий спектр услуг. Помимо торговли ценными бумагами, биржа OSE предлагает брокерам и трейдерам ряд дополнительных услуг, в частности обеспечение необходимыми биржевыми данными, проведение клиринговых операций, разработка и внедрение эффективных обучающих программ, создание новых инвестиционных продуктов. Для клиентов, желающих торговать с минимальными рисками, предусмотрена программа риск-менеджмента.
- Современная электронная торговая система. Полноценные электронные торги, проводимые с 1999 года, существенно повысили эффективность работы компании, открыли возможность создания новых финансовых продуктов.
- Государственный контроль. Фондовая биржа OSE проходит ежеквартальные аудиторские проверки независимыми европейскими агентствами. Контроль финансовых органов государством гарантирует прозрачность работы компания.
По оценкам, акции национальных компаний Норвегии по итогам 2014 года показали значительный рост — более 25 % в годовом выражении. Несмотря на перенасыщение нефтегазовой отрасли, данный сектор экономики еще способен принести инвесторам солидные дивиденды.
optionsbinar.ru
Фондовая биржа Осло — Википедия (с комментариями)
Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии
Фондовая биржа Осло — главный рынок торговли акциями норвежских компаний. Расположена в Осло, Норвегия. Полностью на электронные торги биржа перешла в 1999 году.
Является самой маленькой скандинавской биржей. Основанная в 1819 году как рынок иностранной валюты, она позднее была товарной биржей, а торговля ценными бумагами началась в 1881 году. Фондовые биржи в Бергене и Тронхейме в Норвегии являются филиалами OSE. Последняя торгует акциями, облигациями, финансовыми опционами и считается норвежским рынком опционов. В листинге преобладают энергетические компании. Общий индекс цен OSE составляют 50 акций. Все торги проводятся электронным способом и сделки оплачиваются в течение максимум 7 дней. Торговля ведётся с 8:30 до 16:30 с понедельника по пятницу.
Фондовые индексы
- OBX — является главным индексом на бирже Осло. Включает в себя 25 самых ликвидных акций.
- OSEAX — индекс включает в себя все акции, котирующиеся на бирже.
См. также
Напишите отзыв о статье "Фондовая биржа Осло"
Ссылки
- [www.oslobors.no/ob?languageID=1 Официальный сайт биржи]
Отрывок, характеризующий Фондовая биржа Осло
– Sire! – сказал Мишо с тонкой, чуть заметной улыбкой на губах, успев приготовить свой ответ в форме легкого и почтительного jeu de mots [игры слов]. – Sire! j'ai laisse toute l'armee depuis les chefs jusqu'au dernier soldat, sans exception, dans une crainte epouvantable, effrayante… [Государь! Я оставил всю армию, начиная с начальников и до последнего солдата, без исключения, в великом, отчаянном страхе…] – Comment ca? – строго нахмурившись, перебил государь. – Mes Russes se laisseront ils abattre par le malheur… Jamais!.. [Как так? Мои русские могут ли пасть духом перед неудачей… Никогда!..] Этого только и ждал Мишо для вставления своей игры слов. – Sire, – сказал он с почтительной игривостью выражения, – ils craignent seulement que Votre Majeste par bonte de c?ur ne se laisse persuader de faire la paix. Ils brulent de combattre, – говорил уполномоченный русского народа, – et de prouver a Votre Majeste par le sacrifice de leur vie, combien ils lui sont devoues… [Государь, они боятся только того, чтобы ваше величество по доброте души своей не решились заключить мир. Они горят нетерпением снова драться и доказать вашему величеству жертвой своей жизни, насколько они вам преданы…] – Ah! – успокоенно и с ласковым блеском глаз сказал государь, ударяя по плечу Мишо. – Vous me tranquillisez, colonel. [А! Вы меня успокоиваете, полковник.] Государь, опустив голову, молчал несколько времени. – Eh bien, retournez a l'armee, [Ну, так возвращайтесь к армии.] – сказал он, выпрямляясь во весь рост и с ласковым и величественным жестом обращаясь к Мишо, – et dites a nos braves, dites a tous mes bons sujets partout ou vous passerez, que quand je n'aurais plus aucun soldat, je me mettrai moi meme, a la tete de ma chere noblesse, de mes bons paysans et j'userai ainsi jusqu'a la derniere ressource de mon empire. Il m'en offre encore plus que mes ennemis ne pensent, – говорил государь, все более и более воодушевляясь. – Mais si jamais il fut ecrit dans les decrets de la divine providence, – сказал он, подняв свои прекрасные, кроткие и блестящие чувством глаза к небу, – que ma dinastie dut cesser de rogner sur le trone de mes ancetres, alors, apres avoir epuise tous les moyens qui sont en mon pouvoir, je me laisserai croitre la barbe jusqu'ici (государь показал рукой на половину груди), et j'irai manger des pommes de terre avec le dernier de mes paysans plutot, que de signer la honte de ma patrie et de ma chere nation, dont je sais apprecier les sacrifices!.. [Скажите храбрецам нашим, скажите всем моим подданным, везде, где вы проедете, что, когда у меня не будет больше ни одного солдата, я сам стану во главе моих любезных дворян и добрых мужиков и истощу таким образом последние средства моего государства. Они больше, нежели думают мои враги… Но если бы предназначено было божественным провидением, чтобы династия наша перестала царствовать на престоле моих предков, тогда, истощив все средства, которые в моих руках, я отпущу бороду до сих пор и скорее пойду есть один картофель с последним из моих крестьян, нежели решусь подписать позор моей родины и моего дорогого народа, жертвы которого я умею ценить!..] Сказав эти слова взволнованным голосом, государь вдруг повернулся, как бы желая скрыть от Мишо выступившие ему на глаза слезы, и прошел в глубь своего кабинета. Постояв там несколько мгновений, он большими шагами вернулся к Мишо и сильным жестом сжал его руку пониже локтя. Прекрасное, кроткое лицо государя раскраснелось, и глаза горели блеском решимости и гнева.wiki-org.ru
Фондовая биржа Осло - WikiVisually
1. Фондовая биржа – A stock exchange or bourse is an exchange where stock brokers and traders can buy and/or sell stocks, bonds, and other securities. Stock exchanges may also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments, Securities traded on a stock exchange include stock issued by listed companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. Stock exchanges often function as continuous auction markets, with buyers and sellers consummating transactions at a central location, to be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, it must be listed there. Trade on an exchange is restricted to brokers who are members of the exchange, the initial public offering of stocks and bonds to investors is by definition done in the primary market and subsequent trading is done in the secondary market. A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market, supply and demand in stock markets are driven by various factors that, as in all free markets, affect the price of stocks. There is usually no obligation for stock to be issued via the exchange itself. Such trading may be off exchange or over-the-counter and this is the usual way that derivatives and bonds are traded. Increasingly, stock exchanges are part of a securities market. The idea of debt dates back to the ancient world, as evidenced for example by ancient Mesopotamian clay tablets recording interest-bearing loans, there is little consensus among scholars as to when corporate stock was first traded. Some see the key event as the Dutch East India Companys founding in 1602, economist Ulrike Malmendier of the University of California at Berkeley argues that a share market existed as far back as ancient Rome. One such service was the feeding of geese on the Capitoline Hill as a reward to the birds after their honking warned of a Gallic invasion in 390 B. C. Participants in such organizations had partes or shares, a concept mentioned various times by the statesman, in one speech, Cicero mentions shares that had a very high price at the time. Such evidence, in Malmendiers view, suggests the instruments were tradable, the societas declined into obscurity in the time of the emperors, as most of their services were taken over by direct agents of the state. Tradable bonds as a used type of security were a more recent innovation, spearheaded by the Italian city-states of the late medieval. While the Italian city-states produced the first transferable government bonds, they did not develop the other ingredient necessary to produce a fully fledged capital market, the Dutch East India Company became the first company to offer shares of stock. Control of the company was held tightly by its directors, with shareholders not having much influence on management or even access to the companys accounting statements. However, shareholders were rewarded well for their investment, the company paid an average dividend of over 16 percent per year from 1602 to 1650. Financial innovation in Amsterdam took many forms, by the 1620s, the company was expanding its securities issuance with the first use of corporate bonds
2. Осло – Oslo is the capital and the most populous city in Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality, founded in the year 1040, and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814, after being destroyed by a fire in 1624, the city was moved closer to Akershus Fortress during the reign of Christian IV of Denmark and renamed Christiania in his honour. It was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838, following a spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925, at which time its original Norwegian name was restored. Oslo is the economic and governmental centre of Norway, the city is also a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important centre for industries and maritime trade in Europe. The city is home to companies within the maritime sector, some of which are among the worlds largest shipping companies, shipbrokers. Oslo is a city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission intercultural cities programme. Oslo is considered a city and ranked Beta World City in studies carried out by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group. It was ranked one in terms of quality of life among European large cities in the European Cities of the Future 2012 report by fDi magazine. A survey conducted by ECA International in 2011 placed Oslo as the second most expensive city in the world for living expenses after Tokyo. In 2013 Oslo tied with the Australian city of Melbourne as the fourth most expensive city in the world, as of January 1,2016, the municipality of Oslo has a population of 658,390, while the population of the citys urban area was 942,084. The metropolitan area had an population of 1.71 million. The population was during the early 2000 increasing at record rates and this growth stems for the most part from international immigration and related high birth rates, but also from intra-national migration. The immigrant population in the city is growing faster than the Norwegian population. As of January 1,2016, the municipality of Oslo has a population of 658,390, the urban area extends beyond the boundaries of the municipality into the surrounding county of Akershus, the total population of this agglomeration is 942,084. To the north and east, wide forested hills rise above the city giving the location the shape of a giant amphitheatre. The urban municipality of Oslo and county of Oslo are two parts of the entity, making Oslo the only city in Norway where two administrative levels are integrated
3. Норвегия – The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
4. Скандинавия – Scandinavia /ˌskændᵻˈneɪviə/ is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages. The term Scandinavia always includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the remote Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are usually not seen as a part of Scandinavia, nor is Greenland, an overseas territory of Denmark. This looser definition almost equates to that of the Nordic countries, in Nordic languages, only Denmark, Norway and Sweden are commonly included in the definition of Scandinavia. In English usage, Scandinavia sometimes refers to the geographical area, the name Scandinavia originally referred vaguely to the formerly Danish, now Swedish, region Scania. Icelanders and the Faroese are to a significant extent descended from the Norse, Finland is mainly populated by Finns, with a minority of approximately 5% of Swedish speakers. A small minority of Sami people live in the north of Scandinavia. The Danish, Norwegian and Swedish languages form a continuum and are known as the Scandinavian languages—all of which are considered mutually intelligible with one another. Faroese and Icelandic, sometimes referred to as insular Scandinavian languages, are intelligible in continental Scandinavian languages only to a limited extent, Finnish and Meänkieli are closely related to each other and more distantly to the Sami languages, but are entirely unrelated to the Scandinavian languages. Apart from these, German, Yiddish and Romani are recognized minority languages in Scandinavia, the southern and by far most populous regions of Scandinavia have a temperate climate. Scandinavia extends north of the Arctic Circle, but has mild weather for its latitude due to the Gulf Stream. Much of the Scandinavian mountains have a tundra climate. There are many lakes and moraines, legacies of the last glacial period, Scandinavia usually refers to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Some sources argue for the inclusion of the Faroe Islands, Finland and Iceland, though that broader region is known by the countries concerned as Norden. Before this time, the term Scandinavia was familiar mainly to classical scholars through Pliny the Elders writings, and was used vaguely for Scania, as a political term, Scandinavia was first used by students agitating for Pan-Scandinavianism in the 1830s. After a visit to Sweden, Andersen became a supporter of early political Scandinavism, the term is often defined according to the conventions of the cultures that lay claim to the term in their own use. More precisely, and subject to no dispute, is that Finland is included in the broader term Nordic countries, various promotional agencies of the Nordic countries in the United States serve to promote market and tourism interests in the region. The official tourist boards of Scandinavia sometimes cooperate under one umbrella, Norways government entered one year later. All five Nordic governments participate in the joint promotional efforts in the United States through the Scandinavian Tourist Board of North America, Scandinavia can thus be considered a subset of the Nordic countries
5. Берген – Bergen, historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipality in Hordaland on the west coast of Norway. At the end of the first quarter of 2016, the population was 278,121. Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway, the municipality covers 465 square kilometres and is on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen. The city centre and northern neighbourhoods are on Byfjorden, the city fjord, many of the extra-municipal suburbs are on islands. Bergen is the centre of Hordaland and consists of eight boroughs—Arna, Bergenhus, Fana, Fyllingsdalen, Laksevåg, Ytrebygda, Årstad. Trading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s, according to tradition, the city was founded in 1070 by king Olav Kyrre, its name was Bjørgvin, the green meadow among the mountains. It served as Norways capital in the 13th century, and from the end of the 13th century became a city of the Hanseatic League. Until 1789, Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to trade between Northern Norway and abroad and it was the largest city in Norway until the 1830s when it was surpassed by the capital. What remains of the quays, Bryggen, is a World Heritage Site, the city was hit by numerous fires over the years. The Bergen School of Meteorology was developed at the Geophysical Institute beginning in 1917, the Norwegian School of Economics was founded in 1936, from 1831 to 1972, Bergen was its own county. In 1972 the municipality absorbed four surrounding municipalities and became a part of Hordaland county, the city is an international centre for aquaculture, shipping, offshore petroleum industry and subsea technology, and a national centre for higher education, media, tourism and finance. Bergen Port is Norways busiest in both freight and passengers with over 300 cruise ship calls a year bringing nearly a half a million passengers to Bergen, almost half of the passengers are German or British. The citys main team is SK Brann and the citys unique tradition is the buekorps. Natives speak the distinct Bergensk dialect, the city features Bergen Airport, Flesland, Bergen Light Rail, and is the terminus of the Bergen Line. Four large bridges connect Bergen to its suburban municipalities, Bergen is well known for having a mild winter climate, though with a lot of precipitation. In December - March, the difference between Bergen and Oslo can be up to 30 degrees Celsius, despite the fact that both cities are at approximately 60 degrees North. The Gulf Stream keeps the sea relatively warm, considering the latitude, the city of Bergen was traditionally thought to have been founded by king Olav Kyrre, son of Harald Hardråde in 1070 AD, four years after the Viking Age ended with the Battle of Hastings. Modern research has, however, discovered that a settlement was established already during the 1020s or 1030s
6. Тронхейм – Trondheim, historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It has a population of 187,353, and is the third most populous municipality in Norway and it is the third largest city in the country, with a population of 169,972 inhabitants within the city borders. The city functions as the centre of Sør-Trøndelag county. Trondheim lies on the shore of Trondheim Fjord at the mouth of the river Nidelva. The settlement was founded in 997 as a trading post, from 1152 to 1537, the city was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros, since then, it has remained the seat of the Lutheran Diocese of Nidaros and the Nidaros Cathedral. The current municipality dates from 1964, when Trondheim merged with Byneset, Leinstrand, Strinda, for the ecclesiastical history, see Archiepiscopate of Nidaros Trondheim was named Kaupangen by Viking King Olav Tryggvason in 997. Shortly thereafter it came to be called Nidaros, in the beginning it was frequently used as a military retainer of King Olav I. It was frequently used as the seat of the king, and was the capital of Norway until 1217, people have been living in the region for thousands of years as evidenced by the rock carvings in central Norway, the Nøstvet and Lihult cultures and the Corded Ware culture. In ancient times, the Kings of Norway were hailed at Øretinget in Trondheim, Harald Fairhair was hailed as the king here, as was his son, Haakon I, called the Good. The battle of Kalvskinnet took place in Trondheim in 1179, King Sverre Sigurdsson, some scholars believe that the famous Lewis chessmen, 12th-century chess pieces carved from walrus ivory found in the Hebrides and now at the British Museum, may have been made in Trondheim. Trondheim was the seat of the Archdiocese of Nidaros for Norway from 1152, due to the introduction of Lutheran Protestantism in 1537, the last Archbishop, Olav Engelbrektsson, had to flee from the city to the Netherlands, where he died in present-day Lier, Belgium. The city has experienced major fires. Since much of the city was made of wooden buildings, many of the fires caused severe damage. Great fires ravaged the city in 1598,1651,1681,1708, twice in 1717,1742,1788,1841 and 1842, however, the 1651 fire destroyed 90% of all buildings within the city limits. The fire in 1681 led to an almost total reconstruction of the city, overseen by General Johan Caspar von Cicignon, broad avenues like Munkegaten were created, with no regard for property rights, in order to stop the next fire. At the time, the city had a population of roughly 8000 inhabitants, after the Treaty of Roskilde on 26 February 1658, Trondheim and the rest of Trøndelag, became Swedish territory for a brief period, but the area was reconquered 10 months later. The conflict was settled by the Treaty of Copenhagen on 27 May 1660. During World War II, Trondheim was occupied by Nazi Germany from 9 April 1940, the home of the most notorious Norwegian Gestapo agent, Henry Rinnan, was in Trondheim
7. Облигация – In finance, a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders. The most common types of bonds include municipal bonds and corporate bonds, interest is usually payable at fixed intervals. Very often the bond is negotiable, that is, the ownership of the instrument can be transferred in the secondary market and this means that once the transfer agents at the bank medallion stamp the bond, it is highly liquid on the second market. Thus, a bond is a form of loan or IOU, the holder of the bond is the lender, the issuer of the bond is the borrower, and the coupon is the interest. Bonds provide the borrower with funds to finance long-term investments, or, in the case of government bonds. Certificates of deposit or short term commercial paper are considered to be money market instruments and not bonds, the main difference is in the length of the term of the instrument. Bonds and stocks are both securities, but the difference between the two is that stockholders have an equity stake in the company, whereas bondholders have a creditor stake in the company. Being a creditor, bondholders have priority over stockholders and this means they will be repaid in advance of stockholders, but will rank behind secured creditors in the event of bankruptcy. Another difference is that usually have a defined term, or maturity, after which the bond is redeemed. An exception is a bond, such as a consol, which is a perpetuity, that is. Bonds are issued by authorities, credit institutions, companies. The most common process for issuing bonds is through underwriting, when a bond issue is underwritten, one or more securities firms or banks, forming a syndicate, buy the entire issue of bonds from the issuer and re-sell them to investors. The security firm takes the risk of being unable to sell on the issue to end investors. Primary issuance is arranged by bookrunners who arrange the bond issue, have contact with investors and act as advisers to the bond issuer in terms of timing. The bookrunner is listed first among all participating in the issuance in the tombstone ads commonly used to announce bonds to the public. The bookrunners willingness to underwrite must be discussed prior to any decision on the terms of the issue as there may be limited demand for the bonds. In contrast, government bonds are issued in an auction. In some cases, both members of the public and banks may bid for bonds, in other cases, only market makers may bid for bonds
8. Опцион – The strike price may be set by reference to the spot price of the underlying security or commodity on the day an option is taken out, or it may be fixed at a discount in a premium. The seller has the obligation to fulfill the transaction – to sell or buy – if the buyer exercises the option. Both are commonly used in and by the old traded, when an option is exercised, the cost to the buyer of the asset acquired is the strike price plus the premium, if any. When the option expiration date passes without the option being exercised, then the option expires, in any case, the premium is income to the seller, and normally a capital loss to the buyer. The owner of an option may on-sell the option to a party in a secondary market, in either an over-the-counter transaction or on an options exchange. The market price of an American-style option normally closely follows that of the underlying stock, being the difference between the market price of the stock and the strike price of the option. The ownership of an option does not generally entitle the holder to any rights associated with the asset, such as voting rights or any income from the underlying asset. Contracts similar to options have been used since ancient times, the first reputed option buyer was the ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher Thales of Miletus. When spring came and the olive harvest was larger than expected he exercised his options, in London, puts and refusals first became well-known trading instruments in the 1690s during the reign of William and Mary. Privileges were options sold over the counter in nineteenth century America and their exercise price was fixed at a rounded-off market price on the day or week that the option was bought, and the expiry date was generally three months after purchase. They were not traded in secondary markets, film or theatrical producers often buy the right — but not the obligation — to dramatize a specific book or script. Lines of credit give the borrower the right — but not the obligation — to borrow within a specified time period. Many choices, or embedded options, have traditionally included in bond contracts. For example, many bonds are convertible into common stock at the buyers option, mortgage borrowers have long had the option to repay the loan early, which corresponds to a callable bond option. Options contracts have been known for decades, the Chicago Board Options Exchange was established in 1973, which set up a regime using standardized forms and terms and trade through a guaranteed clearing house. Trading activity and academic interest has increased since then, Options are part of a larger class of financial instruments known as derivative products, or simply, derivatives. A financial option is a contract between two counterparties with the terms of the option specified in a term sheet, Exchange traded options have standardized contracts, and are settled through a clearing house with fulfillment guaranteed by the Options Clearing Corporation. Since the contracts are standardized, accurate pricing models are often available, the terms of an OTC option are unrestricted and may be individually tailored to meet any business need
9. Понедельник – Monday is the day of the week between Sunday and Tuesday. According to the international standard ISO8601 it is the first day of the week, the name of Monday is derived from Old English Mōnandæg and Middle English Monenday, originally a translation of Latin dies lunae day of the Moon. The names of the day of the week were coined in the Roman era, in Greek and Latin, in the case of Monday as ἡμέρᾱ Σελήνης, most languages use terms either directly derived from these names, or loan-translations based on them. The Germanic term is a Germanic interpretation of Latin lunae dies, japanese and Korean share the same ancient Chinese words 月曜日 for Monday which means day of the moon. In many Indo-Aryan languages, the word for Monday is Somavāra or Chandravāra, Sanskrit loan-translations of Monday. In some cases, the names are used, a tradition of numbering the days of the week in order to avoid the pagan connotation of the planetary names. In many Slavic languages the name of the day translates to after Sunday/holiday, russian понедельник, Croatian ponedjeljak, Serbian понедељак, Ukrainian понеділок, Bulgarian понеделник, Polish poniedziałek, Czech pondělí, Slovak pondelok, Slovenian ponedeljek. In Turkish it is called pazartesi, which means after Sunday. Historically, the Greco-Roman week began with Sunday, and Monday was the day of the week. It is still the custom to refer to Monday as feria secunda in the calendar of the Roman Catholic Church. Quakers also traditionally referred to Monday as Second Day, the Portuguese and the Greek also retain the ecclesiastical tradition. Likewise the Modern Hebrew name for Monday is yom-sheni, in modern times, it has become more common to consider Monday the first day of the week. The international ISO8601 standard places Monday as the first day of the week, Monday is xīngqīyī in Chinese, meaning day one of the week. Modern Western culture usually looks at Monday as the beginning of the workweek, in Judaism Mondays are considered auspicious days for fasting. The Didache warned early Christians not to fast on Mondays to avoid Judaizing, in Judaism the Torah is read in public on Monday mornings, one of three days the Torah is read each week. Special penitential prayers are recited on Monday, unless there is an occasion for happiness which cancels them. In the Eastern Orthodox Church Mondays are days on which the Angels are commemorated, the Octoechos contains hymns on this theme, arranged in an eight-week cycle, that are chanted on Mondays throughout the year. At the end of Divine Services on Monday, the dismissal begins with the words, May Christ our True God, through the intercessions of his most-pure Mother, of the honorable, Bodiless Powers of Heaven…
10. Пятница – Friday is the day after Thursday and the day before Saturday. In countries adopting Monday-first conventions as recommended by the international standard ISO8601, in countries that adopt a Sunday-first convention, it is the sixth day of the week. In other countries, Friday is the first day of the week-end, in Afghanistan and Iran, Friday is the last day of the week-end, with Saturday as the first day of the working week. In Iran, Friday is the only week-end day, in Saudi Arabia and the Maldives, there are two week-ends where Friday is the first week-end of the week while Saturday is the second week-end. The same holds for Frīatag in Old High German, Freitag in Modern German, the expected cognate name in Old Norse would be *friggjar-dagr. However, the name of Friday in Old Norse is frjá-dagr instead, the modern Scandinavian form is Fredag in Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish, meaning Freyjas day. The distinction between Freyja and Frigg in some Germanic mythologies is contested and this is also reflected in the p-Celtic Welsh language as Gwener. The Sardinian word chenàpura also figures as an exception among all the other Romance languages and this name had been given by the Jewish community exiled to the island in order to designate the food specifically prepared for Shabbat eve. In Arabic, Friday is الجمعة al-jumah, from a root meaning congregation/gathering, in languages of Islamic countries outside the Arab world, the word for Friday is commonly a derivation of this. In modern Greek, four of the words for the week-days are derived from ordinals, however, the Greek word for Friday is Paraskevi and is derived from a word meaning to prepare. Like Saturday and Sunday, Friday is named for its significance as the day of preparation before Sabbath. In both biblical and modern Hebrew, Friday is Yom Shishi meaning the sixth day, in most of the Indian languages, Friday is Shukravar, named for Shukra, the Sanskrit name of the planet Venus. In Japanese, 金曜日 is formed from the words 金星 meaning Venus, in the Korean language, it is 금요일 in Korean Hangul writing, as is pronounced of the written word 金曜日 in Chinese characters, as in Japanese. In the Nahuatl language, Friday is Quetzalcōātōnal meaning day of Quetzalcoatl, the Hungarian word péntek is a loan from Pannonian dialect of Slavic language. The n in péntek suggests an early adoption from Slavic, when many Slavic dialects still had nasal vowels, in modern Slavic languages only Polish retained nasal vowels. Friday is considered unlucky in some cultures and this is particularly so in maritime circles, perhaps the most enduring sailing superstition is that it is unlucky to begin a voyage on a Friday. This superstition is the root of the urban legend of HMS Friday. In modern times, Friday the 13th is considered to be especially unlucky, such a Friday may be called a Black Friday
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Фондовая биржа Осло Вики
| Фондовая биржа Осло Oslo Børs | |
| | |
| | |
| Фондовая биржа | |
| Осло, Норвегия | |
| 59°54′31″ с. ш. 10°44′52″ в. д.HGЯO | |
| 1819 | |
| Oslo Børs ASA | |
| Бенте А. Ландснес (ген. дирентор)Лэйв Асквиг (председатель совета директоров) | |
| 219 | |
| OBX | |
| www.oslobors.no | |
Фондовая биржа Осло — главный рынок торговли акциями норвежских компаний. Расположена в Осло, Норвегия. Полностью на электронные торги биржа перешла в 1999 году.
Является самой маленькой скандинавской биржей. Основанная в 1819 году как рынок иностранной валюты, она позднее была товарной биржей, а торговля ценными бумагами началась в 1881 году. Фондовые биржи в Бергене и Тронхейме в Норвегии являются филиалами фондовой биржи Осло. Последняя торгует акциями, облигациями, финансовыми опционами и считается норвежским рынком опционов. В листинге преобладают энергетические компании. Общий индекс цен фондовой биржи Осло составляют 50 акций. Все торги проводятся электронным способом и сделки оплачиваются в течение максимум 7 дней. Торговля ведётся с 8:30 до 16:30 с понедельника по пятницу.
Фондовые индексы[ | код]
- OBX — является главным индексом на бирже Осло. Включает в себя 25 самых ликвидных акций.
- OSEAX — индекс включает в себя все акции, котирующиеся на бирже.
См. также[ | код]
- Компании, имеющие листинг акций на бирже Осло
Ссылки[ | код]
- Официальный сайт биржи
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