Австралийская фондовая биржа. Австралийская фондовая биржа
Австралийская фондовая биржа
Австралийская фондовая биржа (ASX) является ведущей биржевой группой и рынком ценных бумаг в Австралии.
Кроме того, что она является первым крупным мировым рынком, который стал доступен для ведения бизнеса каждый торговый день, ASX может похвастаться ежедневным оборотом в $ 7,2 млрд, а её общая рыночная капитализация составляет $ 1,3 млрд долларов. С точки зрения рыночной капитализации, она занимает 15-ое место в мире по величине кругооборота валюты.
Возможности
Австралийская фондовая биржа предоставляет инвесторам и трейдерам огромную торговую площадку, предлагая широкий спектр различных финансовых услуг: акции, индексы, долговые инструменты, биржевые, индексные фонды и т.д. Ее рынок ценных бумаг внушителен по своим размерам и включает более 2 200 компаний, публично котирующихся на бирже. Производные рынки ASX являются одними из крупнейших в мире, с наибольшей процентной ставкой среди всего Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона.
Австралийский центр ликвидности (ALC) служит в качестве технологической и информационной штаб-квартиры Австралийской фондовой биржи. Расположенный в Сиднее, ALC проводит электронные торговые операции, как для фондовых, так и для производных рынков.
Доступ к нему для трейдеров и инвесторов открывается при использовании двух различных электронных торговых площадок – платформы «ASX Trade» и «ASX Wave24». Все финансовые операции производятся в цифровом виде с использованием передовых технологий и информационных систем.
История
Организованная торговля ценными бумагами в Австралии официально началась в 1861 году с созданием фондовой биржи в Мельбурне. Вскоре после этого другие крупные города также обратили внимание на обмен валюты в Мельбурне и создали собственные региональные рынки. На рубеже 20-го века, они были созданы в Сиднее (1871 г.), Хобарте (1882 г.), Брисбене (1884 г.), Аделаиде (1887 г.) и Перте (1889 г.). Каждая из этих бирж проводили свою торговлю независимо друг от друга до создания Ассоциации австралийских фондовых бирж (AASE) в 1937 году.
AASE оставался крупным австралийским рынком до 1 апреля 1987 года, когда он был заменен Австралийской фондовой биржей. Сразу после ее создания она запустила программу под названием Автоматизированная торговая система фондовой биржи (SEATS). Введение SEATS положило начало электронным торговым операциям в австралийской площадке обмена валютой. К 2000 году большинство торговых операций были осуществлены в цифровом виде.
В 2006 году произошло слияние Австралийской фондовой биржи и Фьючерсной биржи Сиднея (SFE) – два доминирующих финансовых рынка Австралии объединились в один общий организм. После завершения слияния, ASX Limited стала девятой по величине биржевой группой в мире. В 2010 году ASX Limited создала дочернюю компанию под названием ASX.
Наше время
По состоянию на конец 2015 года штат ASX Limited состоит из 515 работников, генерируя чистый доход в размере $ 398 млн долларов.
Компания работает в качестве поставщика биржевых услуг финансового рынка, используя символ ASX:ASX. Влияние ASX на австралийские рынки акций, в дополнение к развитию широкой производной процентной ставки, сделали ее финансовой опорой Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона.
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Австралийская фондовая биржа — Википедия
| Австралийская биржа ценных бумаг | |
 | |
 | |
 Сидней, Австралия | |
| 1987, отсчет ведут с 1861 года | |
| Австралийская фондовая биржа (англ. Australian Stock Exchange) | |
| David Gonski, (Chairman)Robert Elstone, (CEO)Alan Bardwell, (CFO) | |
| ASX: ASX | |
| Австралийский доллар (AUD) | |
| S&P/ASX 200 S&P/ASX 50 | |
| www.asx.com.au | |
Австрали́йская фо́ндовая би́ржа (англ. Australian Securities Exchange, ASX) — главная фондовая и фьючерсная биржа Австралии, в 1987 году вытеснившая биржи в Брисбене, Аделаиде, Хобарте, Мельбурне и Перте[1]. ASX является публичной компанией, акции которой торгуются на самой бирже. Главная торговая площадка располагается в здании «Биржевой центр» (англ. Exchange Centre) в городе Сидней, Новый Южный Уэльс.
Содержание
- 1 История
- 2 Современное состояние
- 2.1 Фондовые индексы
- 2.2 «Голубые фишки»
- 3 Отделения в различных штатах Ав
ru.bywiki.com
Австралийская фондовая биржа — Википедия
Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии
Австрали́йская фо́ндовая би́ржа (англ. Australian Securities Exchange, ASX) — главная фондовая и фьючерсная биржа Австралии, в 1987 году вытеснившая биржи в Брисбене, Аделаиде, Хобарте, Мельбурне и Перте [1]. ASX является публичной компанией, акции которой торгуются на самой бирже. Главная торговая площадка располагается в здании «Биржевой центр» (англ. Exchange Centre) в городе Сидней, Новый Южный Уэльс.
История
Начиная с 1850-х годов в Австралию начинается массовая иммиграция свободного населения, во многом связанная с открытием месторождений золота и других полезных ископаемых. Последующее бурное развитие добывающей и обрабатывающей промышленности создало необходимость открытия площадки, на которой могли бы торговаться ценные бумаги местных компаний. Многие иммигранты приезжали из Британии, страны, в которой традиции биржевой торговли насчитывали уже не одну сотню лет и более 50 лет функционировала одна из старейших бирж в мире — Лондонская фондовая биржа.
В течение следующих 30 лет практически в каждом крупном городе Австралии появились свои торговые площадки: Мельбурн — 1861 год, Сидней — 1871 год, Хобарт — 1882 год, Брисбен — 1884 год, Аделаида — 1887 год, Перт — 1889 год. Таким образом, первые биржи на территории Австралии возникли раньше, чем разрозненные штаты объединились в единое государство (1901 год).
Здание биржи Сиднея, 1959 год Руководство бирж было независимым друг от друга, однако регулярно проводились неформальные встречи, на которых брокеры обсуждали, в каком направлении развиваться биржевой торговле в Австралии. Первая конференция, объединившая брокеров всех бирж, состоялась в 1903 году в Мельбурне. В дальнейшем собрания проводились ежегодно до 1937 года, когда было принято решение объединить биржи в единую организацию. Так появилась Ассоциация австралийских фондовых бирж (англ. Australian Associated Stock Exchanges, AASE), в руководство которой входили представители всех шести торговых площадок континента. За первое время своего существования ассоциация установила общие правила проведения торгов на бирже, правила деятельности брокеров, размер комиссий, которые брокеры имели право брать за свою работу.
Видео по теме
Современное состояние
«Биржевой центр», Сидней Австралийская биржа ценных бумаг в её нынешнем виде возникла в результате слияния в декабре 2006 года Австралийской фондовой биржи (англ. Australian Stock Exchange) и Фьючерсной биржи Сиднея (англ. Sydney Futures Exchange).
Деятельность биржи регулируется Австралийской комиссией по инвестициям и ценным бумагам (англ. Australian Securities and Investments Commission).
Крупнейшими брокерскими конторами на рынке ценных бумаг Австралии являются компании Macquarie Bank, Goldman Sachs, UBS, Citigroup, Merrill Lynch, CSFB, Deutsche Bank, ABN AMRO, CommSec и Morgan Stanley.
Биржа входит в Федерацию фондовых бирж Азии и Океании. [2]
Фондовые индексы
S&P/ASX 200 — главный фондовый индекс ASX, складывается из 200 самых торгуемых акций или «голубых фишек» (англ. Blue chips) биржи. Менее значимыми индексами ASX являются S&P/ASX 300, S&P/ASX 100 и S&P/ASX 50.
«Голубые фишки»
Из торгуемых на ASX акций самую большую рыночную капитализацию имеют акции таких компаний, как BHP Billiton, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Telstra, Rio Tinto, Национальный банк Австралии (англ. National Australia Bank) и Финансовая группа Австралии и Новой Зеландии (англ. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group)[3]. На 31 декабря 2006 года самыми большими по рыночной капитализации секторами на ASX были финансовый сектор (34 %), сырьевой сектор (20 %) и Фонды инвестиций в недвижимость (10 %).
Отделения в различных штатах Австралии
- Сидней — Exchange Centre — 20 Bridge Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000
- Мельбурн — Rialto Towers — South Tower, Level 45, 525 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000
- Брисбен — Riverside Centre — Level 5, 123 Eagle Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000
- Аделаида — Level 25, 91 King William Street, Adelaide, SA, 5000
- Перт — Exchange Plaza — 2 The Esplanade, Perth, WA, 6000
См. также
Примечания
Ссылки
wikipedia.green
Австралийская фондовая биржа Вики
Австрали́йская фо́ндовая би́ржа (англ. Australian Securities Exchange, ASX) — главная фондовая и фьючерсная биржа Австралии, в 1987 году вытеснившая биржи в Брисбене, Аделаиде, Хобарте, Мельбурне и Перте[1]. ASX является публичной компанией, акции которой торгуются на самой бирже. Главная торговая площадка располагается в здании «Биржевой центр» (англ. Exchange Centre) в городе Сидней, Новый Южный Уэльс.
История[ | код]
Начиная с 1850-х годов в Австралию начинается массовая иммиграция свободного населения, во многом связанная с открытием месторождений золота и других полезных ископаемых. Последующее бурное развитие добывающей и обрабатывающей промышленности создало необходимость открытия площадки, на которой могли бы торговаться ценные бумаги местных компаний. Многие иммигранты приезжали из Британии, страны, в которой традиции биржевой торговли насчитывали уже не одну сотню лет и более 50 лет функционировала одна из старейших бирж в мире — Лондонская фондовая биржа.
В течение следующих 30 лет практически в каждом крупном городе Австралии появились свои торговые площадки: Мельбурн — 1861 год, Сидней — 1871 год, Хобарт — 1882 год, Брисбен — 1884 год, Аделаида — 1887 год, Перт — 1889 год. Таким образом, первые биржи на территории Австралии возникли раньше, чем разрозненные штаты объединились в единое государство (1901 год).
Здание биржи Сиднея, 1959 год Руководство бирж было независимым друг от друга, однако регулярно проводились неформальные встречи, на которых брокеры обсуждали, в каком направлении развиваться биржевой торговле в Австралии. Первая конференция, объединившая брокеров всех бирж, состоялась в 1903 году в Мельбурне. В дальнейшем собрания проводились ежегодно до 1937 года, когда было принято решение объединить биржи в единую организацию. Так появилась Ассоциация австралийских фондовых бирж (англ. Australian Associated Stock Exchanges, AASE), в руководство которой входили представители всех шести торговых площадок континента. За первое время своего существования ассоциация установила общие правила проведения торгов на бирже, правила деятельности брокеров, размер комиссий, которые брокеры имели право брать за свою работу.
Современное состояние[ | код]
«Биржевой центр», Сидней Австралийская биржа ценных бумаг в её нынешнем виде возникла в результате слияния в декабре 2006 года Австралийской фондовой биржи (англ. Australian Stock Exchange) и Фьючерсной биржи Сиднея (англ. Sydney Futures Exchange).
Деятельность биржи регулируется Австралийской комиссией по инвестициям и ценным бумагам (англ. Australian Securities and Investments Commission).
Крупнейшими брокерскими конторами на рынке ценных бумаг Австралии являются компании Macquarie Bank, Goldman Sachs, UBS, Citigroup, Merrill Lynch, CSFB, Deutsche Bank, ABN AMRO, CommSec и Morgan Stanley.
Биржа входит в Федерацию фондовых бирж Азии и Океании.[2]
Фондовые индексы[ | код]
S&P/ASX 200 — главный фондовый индекс ASX, складывается из 200 самых торгуемых акций или «голубых фишек» (англ. Blue chips) биржи. Менее значимыми индексами ASX являются S&P/ASX 300, S&P/ASX 100 и S&P/ASX 50.
«Голубые фишки»[ | код]
Из торгуемых на ASX акций самую большую рыночную капитализацию имеют акции таких компаний, как BHP Billiton, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Telstra, Rio Tinto, Национальный банк Австралии (англ. National Australia Bank) и Финансовая группа Австралии и Новой Зеландии (англ. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group)[3]. На 31 декабря 2006 года самыми большими по рыночной капитализации секторами на ASX были финансовый сектор (34 %), сырьевой сектор (20 %) и Фонды инвестиций в недвижимость (10 %).
Отделения в различных штатах Австралии[ | код]
- Сидней — Exchange Centre — 20 Bridge Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000
- Мельбурн — Rialto Towers — South Tower, Level 45, 525 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000
- Брисбен — Riverside Centre — Level 5, 123 Eagle Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000
- Аделаида — Level 25, 91 King William Street, Adelaide, SA, 5000
- Перт — Exchange Plaza — 2 The Esplanade, Perth, WA, 6000
См. также[ | код]
Примечания[ | код]
Ссылки[ | код]
ru.wikibedia.ru
| Сидней, Австралия | |||
| 1987, отсчет ведут с 1861 года | |||
| Австралийская фондовая биржа (англ. Australian Stock Exchange) | |||
| David Gonski, (Chairman)Robert Elstone, (CEO)Alan Bardwell, (CFO) | |||
| ASX: ASX | |||
| Австралийский доллар (AUD) | |||
| S&P/ASX 200 S&P/ASX 50 | |||
| www.asx.com.au | |||
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Австралийская фондовая биржа - WikiVisually
1. Сидней – Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first British settlers, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural. As at June 2016 Sydneys estimated population was 5,005,358, in the 2011 census,34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home and it is classified as an Alpha+ World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has a market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing. Its gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia, there is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as one of Asia Pacifics leading financial hubs. Its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, man-made attractions such as the Sydney Opera House, Sydney Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are also well known to international visitors. The first people to inhabit the now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area from around 30,735 years ago, the earliest British settlers called them Eora people. Eora is the term the indigenous used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is from this place, prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan, the principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells. Development has destroyed much of the citys history including that of the first inhabitants, there continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The first meeting between the people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors, Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement
2. Австралия – Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
3. Австралийский доллар – Within Australia, it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign, with A$ or AU$ sometimes used to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents, in 2011, the Australian dollar was the fifth most traded currency in the world, accounting for 7. 6% of the worlds daily share. It trades in the foreign exchange markets behind the US dollar, the euro, the yen. The currency is referred to by foreign-exchange traders as the Aussie dollar. With pounds, shillings and pence to be replaced by decimal currency on 14 February 1966, in 1963, the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Menzies, a monarchist, wished to name the currency the royal. Other proposed names included more exotic suggestions such as the austral, the oz, the boomer, the roo, the kanga, the emu, the digger, the quid, the dinkum and the ming. Menzies influence resulted in the selection of the royal, and trial designs were prepared and printed by the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Treasurer, Harold Holt, announced the decision in Parliament on 5 June 1963. The royal would be subdivided into 100 cents, but the existing names shilling, florin, the name royal for the currency proved very unpopular, with Holt and his wife even receiving death threats. On 24 July Holt told the Cabinet the decision had been a terrible mistake, on 18 September Holt advised Parliament that the name was to be the dollar, of 100 cents. The Australian pound, introduced in 1910 and officially distinct in value from the pound sterling since devaluation in 1931, was replaced by the dollar on 14 February 1966. The rate of conversion for the new currency was two dollars per Australian pound, or ten Australian shillings per dollar. The exchange rate was pegged to the pound sterling at a rate of $1 =8 shillings, in 1967, Australia effectively left the sterling area, when the pound sterling was devalued against the US dollar and the Australian dollar did not follow. It maintained its peg to the US dollar at the rate of A$1 = US$1.12, on 27 September 2012, the Reserve Bank of Australia stated that they had ordered work on a project to upgrade the current banknotes. The upgraded banknotes will incorporate a number of new features so that they remain secure into the future, the first new banknotes were issued from the 1st of September 2016, with the remaining denominations to be issued in the coming years. In 1966, coins were introduced in denominations of 1,2,5,10,20 and 50 cents. The initial 50-cent coins contained high silver content and were withdrawn after a year after the value of the silver content was found to exceed the face value of the coins. One-dollar coins were introduced in 1984, followed by two-dollar coins in 1988, the one- and two-cent coins were discontinued in 1991 and withdrawn from circulation. In commemoration of the 40th anniversary of decimal currency, the 2006 mint proof and uncirculated sets included one-, in early 2013, Australias first triangular coin was introduced, to mark the 25th anniversary of the opening of Parliament House
4. Фондовая биржа – A stock exchange or bourse is an exchange where stock brokers and traders can buy and/or sell stocks, bonds, and other securities. Stock exchanges may also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments, Securities traded on a stock exchange include stock issued by listed companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. Stock exchanges often function as continuous auction markets, with buyers and sellers consummating transactions at a central location, to be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, it must be listed there. Trade on an exchange is restricted to brokers who are members of the exchange, the initial public offering of stocks and bonds to investors is by definition done in the primary market and subsequent trading is done in the secondary market. A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market, supply and demand in stock markets are driven by various factors that, as in all free markets, affect the price of stocks. There is usually no obligation for stock to be issued via the exchange itself. Such trading may be off exchange or over-the-counter and this is the usual way that derivatives and bonds are traded. Increasingly, stock exchanges are part of a securities market. The idea of debt dates back to the ancient world, as evidenced for example by ancient Mesopotamian clay tablets recording interest-bearing loans, there is little consensus among scholars as to when corporate stock was first traded. Some see the key event as the Dutch East India Companys founding in 1602, economist Ulrike Malmendier of the University of California at Berkeley argues that a share market existed as far back as ancient Rome. One such service was the feeding of geese on the Capitoline Hill as a reward to the birds after their honking warned of a Gallic invasion in 390 B. C. Participants in such organizations had partes or shares, a concept mentioned various times by the statesman, in one speech, Cicero mentions shares that had a very high price at the time. Such evidence, in Malmendiers view, suggests the instruments were tradable, the societas declined into obscurity in the time of the emperors, as most of their services were taken over by direct agents of the state. Tradable bonds as a used type of security were a more recent innovation, spearheaded by the Italian city-states of the late medieval. While the Italian city-states produced the first transferable government bonds, they did not develop the other ingredient necessary to produce a fully fledged capital market, the Dutch East India Company became the first company to offer shares of stock. Control of the company was held tightly by its directors, with shareholders not having much influence on management or even access to the companys accounting statements. However, shareholders were rewarded well for their investment, the company paid an average dividend of over 16 percent per year from 1602 to 1650. Financial innovation in Amsterdam took many forms, by the 1620s, the company was expanding its securities issuance with the first use of corporate bonds
5. Брисбен – Brisbane is the capital of and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland, and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbanes metropolitan area has a population of 2.35 million, the Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, about 15 kilometres from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite, one of the oldest cities in Australia, Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples. A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe,28 kilometres north of the business district. The city was marred by the Australian frontier wars between 1843 and 1855, and development was set back by the Great Fire of Brisbane. Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a colony from New South Wales in 1859. During World War II, Brisbane played a role in the Allied campaign. Today, Brisbane is well known for its distinct Queenslander architecture which forms much of the built heritage. It also receives attention for its damaging flood events, most notably in 1974 and 2011. Several large cultural, international and sporting events have held at Brisbane, including the 1982 Commonwealth Games, World Expo 88, the final Goodwill Games in 2001. Prior to white settlement, the Brisbane area was inhabited by the Turrbal and they knew the area that is now the central business district as Mian-jin, meaning place shaped as a spike. The Moreton Bay area was explored by Matthew Flinders. On 17 July 1799, Flinders landed at what is now known as Woody Point, in 1823 Governor of New South Wales Sir Thomas Brisbane instructed that a new northern penal settlement be developed, and an exploration party led by John Oxley further explored Moreton Bay. Oxley discovered, named, and explored the Brisbane River as far as Goodna,20 kilometres upstream from the Brisbane central business district, Oxley recommended Red Cliff Point for the new colony, reporting that ships could land at any tide and easily get close to the shore. The party settled in Redcliffe on 13 September 1824, under the command of Lieutenant Henry Miller with 14 soldiers and 29 convicts. However, this settlement was abandoned after a year and the colony was moved to a site on the Brisbane River now known as North Quay,28 km south, chief Justice Forbes gave the new settlement the name of Edenglassie before it was named Brisbane. Non-convict European settlement of the Brisbane region commenced in 1838, German missionaries settled at Zions Hill, Nundah as early as 1837, five years before Brisbane was officially declared a free settlement. The band consisted of ministers Christopher Eipper and Carl Wilhelm Schmidt and lay missionaries Haussmann, Johann Gottried Wagner, Niquet, Hartenstein, Zillman, Franz, Rode, Doege and they were allocated 260 hectares and set about establishing the mission, which became known as the German Station
6. Аделаида – Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia. In June 2016, Adelaide had a resident population of 1,326,354 million. South Australia, with a total of 1, the demonym Adelaidean is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km from the coast to the foothills, and 94 to 104 km from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to King William IV, Colonel William Light, one of Adelaides founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the River Torrens, in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people. Lights design set out Adelaide in a layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares. Early Adelaide was shaped by prosperity and wealth—until the Second World War, it was Australias third-largest city and it has been noted for early examples of religious freedom, a commitment to political progressivism and civil liberties. It has been known as the City of Churches since the mid-19th century, as South Australias seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the boulevard of North Terrace, King William Street. Today, Adelaide is noted for its festivals and sporting events, its food and wine, its long beachfronts. It ranks highly in terms of liveability, being listed in the Top 10 of The Economist Intelligence Units Worlds Most Liveable Cities index in 2010,2011,2012 and 2015. It was also ranked the most liveable city in Australia by the Property Council of Australia in 2011,2012 and 2013, prior to its proclamation as a British settlement in 1836, the area around Adelaide was inhabited by the indigenous Kaurna Aboriginal nation. Kaurna culture and language was almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the European settlement of South Australia in 1836, however, extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both language and culture. South Australia was officially proclaimed as a new British colony on 28 December 1836, the event is commemorated in South Australia as Proclamation Day. The site of the capital was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light. Adelaide was established as a colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from religious persecution. Wakefields idea was for the Government to survey and sell the land at a rate that would maintain land values high enough to be unaffordable for labourers and journeymen
7. Хобарт – Hobart is the capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. It is the least populated state capital in Australia, founded in 1803 as a penal colony, Hobart is Australias second oldest capital city after Sydney, New South Wales. The modern history of Hobart dates to its foundation as a British colony in 1803, prior to British settlement, the area had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years, by the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe, a sub-group of the Nuennone, or South-East tribe. The descendants of the indigenous Tasmanians now refer to themselves as Palawa, Hobart has experienced both booms and busts over its history. In the later years of the 20th century, migrants arrived to settle in Hobart from Asia. In June 2015, the city had an area population of approximately 221,000. The city is located in the states south-east on the estuary of the Derwent River and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural port in the world. Its skyline is dominated by the 1, 271-metre kunanyi/Mount Wellington, the metropolitan area is often referred to as Greater Hobart, to differentiate it from the City of Hobart, one of the five local government areas that cover the city. The first European settlement began in 1803 as a colony at Risdon Cove on the eastern shores of the Derwent River. In 1804 it was moved to a location at the present site of Hobart at Sullivans Cove. The city, initially known as Hobart Town or Hobarton, was named after Lord Hobart, the British secretary of state for war, the areas indigenous inhabitants were members of the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe. Charles Darwin visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the Beagle expedition, I was chiefly struck with the comparative fewness of the large houses, either built or building. Hobart Town, from the census of 1835, contained 13,826 inhabitants, the Derwent River was one of Australias finest deepwater ports and was the centre of the Southern Ocean whaling and sealing trades. The settlement rapidly grew into a port, with allied industries such as shipbuilding. Hobart Town became a city on 21 August 1842, and was renamed Hobart from the beginning of 1881, Hobart is located on the estuary of the Derwent River in the states south-east. Geologically Hobart is built predominantly on Jurassic dolerite around the foothills interspersed with areas of Triassic siltstone. Both of these areas rest on the younger Jurassic dolerite deposits, before stretching into the areas such as the beaches of Sandy Bay in the south. South of the Derwent estuary lies Storm Bay and the Tasman Peninsula, the Eastern Shore also extends from the Derwent valley area in a southerly direction hugging the Meehan Range in the east before sprawling into flatter land in suburbs such as Bellerive
8. Мельбурн – Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 4,641,636 as of 2016, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians. Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemens Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named Melbourne by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847, during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the worlds largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the interim seat of government until 1927. It is a financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a centre for street art, music. It was the host city of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games, the main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport, the second busiest in Australia. The Port of Melbourne is Australias busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo, Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the regional train. Melbourne is also home to Australias most extensive network and has the worlds largest urban tram network. Before the arrival of settlers, humans had occupied the area for an estimated 31,000 to 40,000 years. At the time of European settlement, it was inhabited by under 2000 hunter-gatherers from three indigenous tribes, the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung and Wathaurong. The area was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and it would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. Batman selected a site on the bank of the Yarra River. Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania, in early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize
9. Перт (Австралия) – Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia, with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth. The first areas settled were on the Swan River, with the central business district. Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the centre of the Swan River Colony. It gained city status in 1856, and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929. The city is named after Perth, Scotland, due to the influence of Sir George Murray, Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The citys population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century, largely as a result of emigration from the eastern colonies of Australia. During Australias involvement in World War II, Fremantle served as a base for operating in the Pacific Theatre. An influx of immigrants after the war, predominantly from Britain, Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia, Aboriginal people have inhabited the Perth area for 38,000 years, as evidenced by archaeological remains at Upper Swan. The Noongar people occupied the southwest corner of Western Australia and lived as hunter-gatherers, the wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain were particularly important to them, both spiritually and as a source of food. The Noongar people know the area where Perth now stands as Boorloo, Boorloo formed part of Mooro, the tribal lands of Yellagongas group, one of several based around the Swan River and known collectively as the Whadjuk. The Whadjuk were part of a group of fourteen tribes that formed the south-west socio-linguistic block known as the Noongar. The judgment was overturned on appeal, the first documented sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh and his crew on 10 January 1697. The British colony would be officially designated Western Australia in 1832, Captain James Stirling, aboard Parmelia, said that Perth was as beautiful as anything of this kind I had ever witnessed. On 12 August that year, Helen Dance, wife of the captain of the ship, Sulphur. The only contemporary information on the source of the name comes from Fremantles diary entry for 12 August, Murray was born in Perth, Scotland, and was in 1829 Secretary of State for the Colonies and Member for Perthshire in the British House of Commons. The town was named after the Scottish Perth, in Murrays honour, the racial relations between the Noongar people and the Europeans were strained due to these happenings. Because of the amount of building in and around Boorloo
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Австралийская фондовая биржа - это... Что такое Австралийская фондовая биржа?
Австрали́йская фо́ндовая би́ржа (англ. Australian Securities Exchange, ASX) — главная фондовая биржа Австралии, в 1987 году вытеснившая биржи в Брисбене, Аделаиде, Хобарте, Мельбурне и Перте [1].
ASX является публичной компанией, акции которой торгуются на самой бирже. Главная торговая площадка располагается в здании «Биржевой центр» (англ. Exchange Centre) в городе Сидней, Новый Южный Уэльс.История
Начиная с 1850-х годов в Австралию начинается массовая иммиграция свободного населения, во многом связанная с открытием месторождений золота и других полезных ископаемых. Последующее бурное развитие добывающей и обрабатывающей промышленности создало необходимость открытия площадки, на которой могли бы торговаться ценные бумаги местных компаний. Многие иммигранты приезжали из Британии, страны, в которой традиции биржевой торговли насчитывали уже не одну сотню лет и более 50 лет функционировала одна из старейших бирж в мире — Лондонская фондовая биржа.
В течение следующих 30 лет практически в каждом крупном городе Австралии появились свои торговые площадки: Мельбурн — 1861 год, Сидней — 1871 год, Хобарт — 1882 год, Брисбен — 1884 год, Аделаида — 1887 год, Перт — 1889 год. Таким образом, первые биржи на территории Австралии возникли раньше, чем разрозненные штаты объединились в единое государство (1901 год).
Здание биржи Сиднея, 1959 год Руководство бирж было независимым друг от друга, однако регулярно проводились неформальные встречи, на которых брокеры обсуждали, в каком направлении развиваться биржевой торговле в Австралии. Первая конференция, объединившая брокеров всех бирж, состоялась в 1903 году в Мельбурне. В дальнейшем собрания проводились ежегодно до 1937 года, когда было принято решение объединить биржи в единую организацию. Так появилась Ассоциация австралийских фондовых бирж (англ. Australian Associated Stock Exchanges, AASE), в руководство которой входили представители всех шести торговых площадок континента. За первое время своего существования ассоциация установила общие правила проведения торгов на бирже, правила деятельности брокеров, размер комиссий, которые брокеры имели право брать за свою работу.
Современное состояние
«Биржевой центр», Сидней Австралийская биржа ценных бумаг в её нынешнем виде возникла в результате слияния в декабре 2006 года Австралийской фондовой биржи (англ. Australian Stock Exchange) и Фьючерсной биржи Сиднея (англ. Sydney Futures Exchange).
Деятельность биржи регулируется Австралийской комиссией по инвестициям и ценным бумагам (англ. Australian Securities and Investments Commission).
Крупнейшими брокерскими конторами на рынке ценных бумаг Австралии являются компании Macquarie Bank, Goldman Sachs, UBS, Citigroup, Merrill Lynch, CSFB, Deutsche Bank, ABN AMRO, CommSec и Morgan Stanley.
Биржа входит в Федерацию фондовых бирж Азии и Океании. [2]
Фондовые индексы
S&P/ASX 200 — главный фондовый индекс ASX, складывается из 200 самых торгуемых акций или «голубых фишек» (англ. Blue chips) биржи. Менее значимыми индексами ASX являются S&P/ASX 300, S&P/ASX 100 и S&P/ASX 50.
«Голубые фишки»
Из торгуемых на ASX акций самую большую рыночную капитализацию имеют акции таких компаний, как BHP Billiton, Банк Содружества (англ. Commonwealth Bank), Telstra, Rio Tinto, Национальный банк Австралии (англ. National Australia Bank) и Финансовая группа Австралии и Новой Зеландии (англ. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group). На 31 декабря 2006 года самыми большими по рыночной капитализации секторами на ASX были финансовый сектор (34 %), сырьевой сектор (20 %) и Фонды инвестиций в недвижимость (10 %).
Отделения в различных штатах Австралии
- Сидней — Exchange Centre — 20 Bridge Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000
- Мельбурн — Rialto Towers — South Tower, Level 45, 525 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000
- Брисбен — Riverside Centre — Level 5, 123 Eagle Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000
- Аделаида — Level 25, 91 King William Street, Adelaide, SA, 5000
- Перт — Exchange Plaza — 2 The Esplanade, Perth, WA, 6000
См. также
Примечания
Ссылки
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