Мюнхенская фондовая биржа. Мюнхенская фондовая биржа

Мюнхенская фондовая биржа

Одним из важнейших представителей фондового рынка Германии является Мюнхенская биржа(MSE), основанная в 1830 году по указу немецкого правительства для повышения уровня централизации при торговле акциями, обмена валюты. До 1935 года компания функционировала в качестве самостоятельной организации, а затем совместно с Аугсбургской образовала Баварскую биржу. С 2003 года компания носит название Мюнхенской биржи.

Несмотря на то, что компания уступает по объемам торгов и показателям эффективности другим немецким биржам, на данный момент MSE современная торговая площадка, где для трейдеров созданы все необходимые условия. Перечень финансовых инструментов содержит наименования акций известных немецких производителей. Кроме того, возможны вклады в облигации и инвестиционные фонды.

В список эмитентов входят преимущественно предприятия среднего звена. Общее количество зарегистрированных акций достигает 6500 единиц. Главный биржевой индекс компании TecDAX Index определяется исходя из котировок всех брендов, имеющих листинг на бирже. Данный индекс является важным индикатором состояния определенных отраслей немецкой экономики.

Особенности Мюнхенской биржи

В последние годы частные трейдеры и крупные компании-инвесторы обращают все большее внимание на небольшие европейские биржи. Они достаточно устойчивы в кризисные моменты на финансовых рынках и находятся под контролем государства.

Высокие показатели немецкой экономики. Германия показывает одни из лучших показателей экономического развития в Европе. По общему объему ВВП, страна занимает место пятерке лучших государств. Основу экономики (до 78%) составляет сфера услуг, в частности банковский сектор, информационные технологии, туристический бизнес. На долю производства и сельского хозяйства приходится до 22% от ВВП. В последние годы лидерство закрепилось за сферой производства электротехнического оборудования.
Многообразие эмитентов. На фондовой бирже Мюнхена трейдер может работать с акциями таких известных торговых марок, как Siemens и BMW. То, что такие серьезные акционерные общества выбирают листинг именно на данной торговой площадке, говорит о высоком доверии к ней со стороны крупных бизнес-структур. С 2010 года возрастает доля представителей финансового сектора и электроники. В текущих кризисных условиях высокие показатели демонстрируют страховые компании.
Высокотехнологичная программная среда. Как и на многих других биржах, на MSE не используются торговые залы при заключении сделок. На вооружении компании находится современная платформа MAX-ONE, разработанная специально под требования биржи и не имеющая аналогов. Данная система способствует более комфортному трейдингу, устойчива к неполадкам и сбоям, обеспечивает безопасность личных данных и платежных операций.
Государственная регуляция. Контроль за соблюдением интересов компаний-участников и трейдеров осуществляет немецкая федеральная комиссия по ценным бумагам, которая гарантирует неукоснительное соблюдение законодательства страны и возможность справедливого решения спорных моментов.

Среди конкурентов MSE занимает не высокие позиции, но при этом трейдеру предлагается инвестировать в одну из самых сильных экономик мира. Поэтому биржа может показывать достойные результаты и на краткосрочных и на долгосрочных временных интервалах.

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Мюнхенская фондовая биржа Википедия

Тип Основание Число сотрудников Сайт

Мюнхенская фондовая биржа

учреждение публичного права[d]
16 декабря 1830 и 1894
30 чел.
boerse-muenchen.de
Мюнхенская фондовая биржа на Викискладе

Здание Мюнхенской биржи

Мюнхенская фондовая биржа (нем. Börse München) — биржа расположенная в Мюнхене, Германия. Была основана в 1830 году. С 1935 года после объединения с Аугсбургской биржей и до 2003 года носила название «Баварская биржа» (нем. Bayerische Börse).

На Мюнхенской бирже торгуют акциями, облигациями и паями инвестиционных фондов. Мюнхенская биржа является родной биржей (нем. Heimatbörse) для таких акционерных обществ как BMW, Allianz, Munich Re и Siemens.

См. также

Список фондовых бирж
Компании, имеющие листинг акций на Мюнхенской бирже

Ссылки

Официальный сайт биржи (нем.)

Фондовые биржи в Германии

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Мюнхенская фондовая биржа — Википедия

Тип Основание Число сотрудников Сайт

Мюнхенская фондовая биржа

учреждение публичного права[d]
16 декабря 1830 и 1894
30 чел.
boerse-muenchen.de
Мюнхенская фондовая биржа на Викискладе

Здание Мюнхенской биржи

На Мюнхенской бирже торгуют акциями, облигациями и

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Мюнхенская фондовая биржа — Википедия (с комментариями)

Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии

Мюнхенская фондовая биржа

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Координаты: 48°08′27″ с. ш. 11°34′03″ в. д. / 48.14083° с. ш. 11.56750° в. д. / 48.14083; 11.56750 (G) [www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=48.14083&mlon=11.56750&zoom=14 (O)] (Я)

[www.boerse-muenchen.de/ Официальный сайт биржи] (нем.)

Отрывок, характеризующий Мюнхенская фондовая биржа

– Как куда? Отсылаю под г'асписки! – вдруг покраснев, вскрикнул Денисов. – И смело скажу, что на моей совести нет ни одного человека. Разве тебе тг'удно отослать тг'идцать ли, тг'иста ли человек под конвоем в гог'од, чем маг'ать, я пг'ямо скажу, честь солдата. – Вот молоденькому графчику в шестнадцать лет говорить эти любезности прилично, – с холодной усмешкой сказал Долохов, – а тебе то уж это оставить пора. – Что ж, я ничего не говорю, я только говорю, что я непременно поеду с вами, – робко сказал Петя. – А нам с тобой пора, брат, бросить эти любезности, – продолжал Долохов, как будто он находил особенное удовольствие говорить об этом предмете, раздражавшем Денисова. – Ну этого ты зачем взял к себе? – сказал он, покачивая головой. – Затем, что тебе его жалко? Ведь мы знаем эти твои расписки. Ты пошлешь их сто человек, а придут тридцать. Помрут с голоду или побьют. Так не все ли равно их и не брать? Эсаул, щуря светлые глаза, одобрительно кивал головой. – Это все г'авно, тут Рассуждать нечего. Я на свою душу взять не хочу. Ты говог'ишь – помг'ут. Ну, хог'ошо. Только бы не от меня.

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Мюнхенская фондовая биржа - MSE

Мюнхенская фондовая биржа — один из представителей фондового рынка Германии. Тикер биржи — MSE. Дата основания — 1830-й год. Основание произошло в качестве инициативы правительства. Задачи были следующие: централизация в процессе торговли ценными бумагами между компаниями и инвесторами, обмен валюты. До самого 1935-го биржа MSE функционировала самостоятельно, однако после все-таки началась совместная работа с биржами Баварии и Аугсбурга. В 2003-м году руководство окончательно дало компании современное название.

Не для кого не является секретом, что данная биржа уступает по своим показателям другим проектам из Германии (объем торгов, капитализация, эффективность и так далее), но… MSE — отличная площадка для инвесторов, которая предоставляет все инструменты для проведения успешной работы.

В листинг, в основном, входит немецкие национальные компании. В качестве инструментов на Мюнхене выступают акции, инвестиционные фонды и государственные облигации.

Список эмитентов состоит преимущественно из компаний, которые возможно отнести к среднему звену. Зарегистрированных акций — более 6500 единиц. В лице главного фондового индекса выступает следующий: TecDAX Index. Определяется индекс посредством вычисления средних котировок ценных бумаг наиболее крупных представителей фондовой биржи. Индекс напрямую отражает экономическое положение в стране.

Каковы особенности Мюнхенской фондовой биржи?

Последние несколько лет показывают следующую тенденцию: инвесторы делают выбор в пользу сотрудничества с европейскими фондовыми биржами. Основная причина заключается в следующем: устойчивость европейских представителей к экономическому кризису гораздо выше.

• Показатели экономики Германии являются очень высокими. Это самое мощное экономическое образование в Европе. Рост ВВП входит в ТОП 5. Основа экономики — это сфера услуг (более 78%). Сюда, в основном, входят банковский сектор, а также информационные технологии с туристическим бизнесом. Производство + сельское хозяйство обеспечивают экономику на 22% (от общего ВВП). ФРГ — относительный лидер в области разработки электротехнического оборудования;

• Многообразие эмитентов — особенность фондовой биржи Мюнхена. Сегодня трейдеры могут работа на бирже с акциями таких корпораций, как Siemens и BMW. Собственно, именно присутствие ценных бумаг этих компания говорит о том, что надежность проекта находится на очень высоком уровне. Особенным для MSE оказывается 2010-й год: представители электроники и финансового сектора активно пополняют листинг. Кроме того, с учетом мирового экономического кризиса начинается очень активная работа страховых компаний в проекте;

• Сегодня на фондовой бирже внедрен торговый терминал MAX-ONE. Торговые залы, естественно, уже в течение очень длительного времени не используются руководством, пришлось перейти полностью на электронный вариант системы. Вышеуказанная платформа была разработана специально под требования Мюнхенской фондовой биржи (она не имеет аналогов в своей сфере). Комфортный трейдинг, полная устойчивость ко всем техническим проблемам, максимальная безопасность — все это положительные черты фондовой биржи;

• Контроль за работой фондовой биржи на данный момент осуществляет немецкая федеральная комиссия. В случае проявления спорных моментов, она также участвует в реализации по решению проблемы.

Мюнхенская фондовая биржа — не самый мощный экономический проект в Германии, однако у него есть свои перспективы. Европейский представитель, который включает в свой листинг очень хороших эмитентов.

Мюнхенская фондовая биржа - WikiVisually

1. Фондовая биржа – A stock exchange or bourse is an exchange where stock brokers and traders can buy and/or sell stocks, bonds, and other securities. Stock exchanges may also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments, Securities traded on a stock exchange include stock issued by listed companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. Stock exchanges often function as continuous auction markets, with buyers and sellers consummating transactions at a central location, to be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, it must be listed there. Trade on an exchange is restricted to brokers who are members of the exchange, the initial public offering of stocks and bonds to investors is by definition done in the primary market and subsequent trading is done in the secondary market. A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market, supply and demand in stock markets are driven by various factors that, as in all free markets, affect the price of stocks. There is usually no obligation for stock to be issued via the exchange itself. Such trading may be off exchange or over-the-counter and this is the usual way that derivatives and bonds are traded. Increasingly, stock exchanges are part of a securities market. The idea of debt dates back to the ancient world, as evidenced for example by ancient Mesopotamian clay tablets recording interest-bearing loans, there is little consensus among scholars as to when corporate stock was first traded. Some see the key event as the Dutch East India Companys founding in 1602, economist Ulrike Malmendier of the University of California at Berkeley argues that a share market existed as far back as ancient Rome. One such service was the feeding of geese on the Capitoline Hill as a reward to the birds after their honking warned of a Gallic invasion in 390 B. C. Participants in such organizations had partes or shares, a concept mentioned various times by the statesman, in one speech, Cicero mentions shares that had a very high price at the time. Such evidence, in Malmendiers view, suggests the instruments were tradable, the societas declined into obscurity in the time of the emperors, as most of their services were taken over by direct agents of the state. Tradable bonds as a used type of security were a more recent innovation, spearheaded by the Italian city-states of the late medieval. While the Italian city-states produced the first transferable government bonds, they did not develop the other ingredient necessary to produce a fully fledged capital market, the Dutch East India Company became the first company to offer shares of stock. Control of the company was held tightly by its directors, with shareholders not having much influence on management or even access to the companys accounting statements. However, shareholders were rewarded well for their investment, the company paid an average dividend of over 16 percent per year from 1602 to 1650. Financial innovation in Amsterdam took many forms, by the 1620s, the company was expanding its securities issuance with the first use of corporate bonds

2. Мюнхен – Munich is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, the Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 5.8 million people. According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city, the name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen, meaning by the monks. It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich, Munich was first mentioned in 1158. From 1255 the city was seat of the Bavarian Dukes, black and gold—the colours of the Holy Roman Empire—have been the citys official colours since the time of Ludwig the Bavarian, when it was an imperial residence. Following a final reunification of the Wittelsbachian Duchy of Bavaria, previously divided and sub-divided for more than 200 years, like wide parts of the Holy Roman Empire, the area recovered slowly economically. In 1918, during the German Revolution, the house of Wittelsbach, which governed Bavaria since 1180, was forced to abdicate in Munich. In the 1920s, Munich became home to political factions, among them the NSDAP. During World War II, Munich was heavily bombed and more than 50% of the entire city, the postwar period was characterised by American occupation until 1949 and a strong increase of population and economic power during the years of the Wirtschaftswunder after 1949. The city is home to corporations like BMW, Siemens, MAN, Linde, Allianz and MunichRE as well as many small. Munich is home to national and international authorities, major universities, major museums. Its numerous architectural attractions, international events, exhibitions and conferences. Munich is one of the most prosperous and fastest growing cities in Germany and it is a top-ranked destination for migration and expatriate location, despite being the municipality with the highest density of population in Germany. Munich nowadays hosts more than 530,000 people of foreign background, the year 1158 is assumed to be the foundation date, which is the earliest date the city is mentioned in a document. The document was signed in Augsburg, by that time the Guelph Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, had built a bridge over the river Isar next to a settlement of Benedictine monks—this was on the Old Salt Route and a toll bridge. In 1175, Munich was officially granted city status and received fortification, in 1180, with the trial of Henry the Lion, Otto I Wittelsbach became Duke of Bavaria and Munich was handed over to the Bishop of Freising. In 1240, Munich was transferred to Otto II Wittelsbach and in 1255, Duke Louis IV, a native of Munich, was elected German king in 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328. He strengthened the position by granting it the salt monopoly

3. Германия – Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed

4. Облигация – In finance, a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders. The most common types of bonds include municipal bonds and corporate bonds, interest is usually payable at fixed intervals. Very often the bond is negotiable, that is, the ownership of the instrument can be transferred in the secondary market and this means that once the transfer agents at the bank medallion stamp the bond, it is highly liquid on the second market. Thus, a bond is a form of loan or IOU, the holder of the bond is the lender, the issuer of the bond is the borrower, and the coupon is the interest. Bonds provide the borrower with funds to finance long-term investments, or, in the case of government bonds. Certificates of deposit or short term commercial paper are considered to be money market instruments and not bonds, the main difference is in the length of the term of the instrument. Bonds and stocks are both securities, but the difference between the two is that stockholders have an equity stake in the company, whereas bondholders have a creditor stake in the company. Being a creditor, bondholders have priority over stockholders and this means they will be repaid in advance of stockholders, but will rank behind secured creditors in the event of bankruptcy. Another difference is that usually have a defined term, or maturity, after which the bond is redeemed. An exception is a bond, such as a consol, which is a perpetuity, that is. Bonds are issued by authorities, credit institutions, companies. The most common process for issuing bonds is through underwriting, when a bond issue is underwritten, one or more securities firms or banks, forming a syndicate, buy the entire issue of bonds from the issuer and re-sell them to investors. The security firm takes the risk of being unable to sell on the issue to end investors. Primary issuance is arranged by bookrunners who arrange the bond issue, have contact with investors and act as advisers to the bond issuer in terms of timing. The bookrunner is listed first among all participating in the issuance in the tombstone ads commonly used to announce bonds to the public. The bookrunners willingness to underwrite must be discussed prior to any decision on the terms of the issue as there may be limited demand for the bonds. In contrast, government bonds are issued in an auction. In some cases, both members of the public and banks may bid for bonds, in other cases, only market makers may bid for bonds

5. Акционерное общество – A joint-stock company is a business entity in which different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares and that allows for the unequal ownership of a business with some shareholders owning more of a company than others. Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the existence of the company. In modern-day corporate law, the existence of a company is often synonymous with incorporation. Therefore, joint-stock companies are known as corporations or limited companies. Some jurisdictions still provide the possibility of registering joint-stock companies without limited liability, in the United Kingdom and other countries that have adopted its model of company law, they are known as unlimited companies. In the United States, they are simply as joint-stock companies. Ownership of stock refers to a number of privileges. The company is managed on behalf of the shareholders by a board of directors, the shareholders also vote to accept or reject an annual report and audited set of accounts. Individual shareholders can sometimes stand for directorships within the company if a vacancy occurs, the shareholders are usually liable for any of the company debts that extend beyond the companys ability to pay. Meanwhile, the limit of their liability extends only to the value of their shareholding. The concept of limited liability largely accounts for the success of this form of business organization, ordinary shares entitle the owner to a share in the companys net profit. It is calculated in the way, the net profit is divided by the total number of owned shares, producing a notional value per share. An individuals share of the profit is thus the dividend multiplied by the number of shares owned, finding the earliest joint-stock company is a matter of definition. The earliest records of joint stock company can be found in China during the Song Dynasty, the Swedish company Stora has documented a stock transfer for an eighth of the company as early as 1288. In more recent history, the earliest joint-stock company recognized in England was the Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands, muscovy Company, which had a monopoly on trade between Moscow and London, was chartered soon after in 1555. The Royal Charter effectively gave the newly created Honourable East India Company a 15-year monopoly on all trade in the East Indies. The Company transformed from a trading venture to one that ruled India and exploited its resources, as it acquired auxiliary governmental and military functions

6. BMW – Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, usually known under its abbreviation BMW, is a German luxury vehicle, motorcycle, and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It is one of the luxury automakers in the world. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, headquartered in Munich, Bavaria, BMW owns Mini cars and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW was established as a business entity following a restructuring of the Rapp Motorenwerke aircraft manufacturing firm in 1912 named Aerowerke Gustav Otto, after the end of World War I in 1918, BMW was forced to cease aircraft-engine production by the terms of the Versailles Armistice Treaty. The company consequently shifted to production as the restrictions of the treaty started to be lifted in 1923. BMWs first significant aircraft engine, and commercial product of any sort, was the BMW IIIa inline-six liquid-cooled engine of 1918, known for good fuel economy, with German rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the Luftwaffe. The factory in Munich made ample use of forced labour, foreign civilians, prisoners of war, the few Me 262 A-1b test examples built used the more developed version of the 003 jet, recording an official top speed of 800 km/h. The first-ever four-engine jet aircraft flown were the sixth and eighth prototypes of the Arado Ar 234 jet reconnaissance-bomber. Through 1944 the 003s reliability improved, making it a power plant for air frame designs competing for the Jägernotprogramms light fighter production contract. Which was won by the Heinkel He 162 Spatz design, the BMW003 aviation turbojet was also under consideration as the basic starting point for a pioneering turboshaft powerplant for German armored fighting vehicles in 1944–45, as the GT101. Towards the end of the Third Reich, BMW developed some military aircraft projects for the Luftwaffe, the BMW Strahlbomber, the BMW Schnellbomber and the BMW Strahljäger, but none of them were built. By the year 1958, the division of BMW was in financial difficulties. It was decided to carry on by trying to cash in on the current economy car boom exploited so successfully by German ex-aircraft manufacturers such as Messerschmitt, BMW bought the rights to manufacture the Italian Iso Isetta. BMWs version of the cars were to be powered by a modified form of BMWs motorcycle engine. This was moderately successful and helped the company get back on its feet, since 1959, the controlling majority shareholder of the BMW Aktiengesellschaft has been the Quandt family, which owns about 46% of the stock. The rest is in public float, BMW acquired the Hans Glas company based in Dingolfing, Germany, in 1966. Glas vehicles were badged as BMW until the company was fully absorbed. However, this factory was outmoded and BMWs biggest immediate gain was, according to themselves, the Glas factories continued to build a limited number of their existing models, while adding the manufacture of BMW front and rear axles until they could be closer incorporated into BMW

7. Allianz – Allianz SE is a German financial services company headquartered in Munich, Germany. Its core businesses are insurance and asset management, the company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. Allianz sold Dresdner Bank to Commerzbank in November 2008, as a result of this transaction, Allianz gained a 14% controlling stake in the new Commerzbank. Allianz AG was founded in Berlin on 5 February 1890 by then director of the Munich Reinsurance Company Carl von Thieme, the joint company was listed in Berlins trade register under the name Allianz Versicherungs-Aktiengesellschaft. The first Allianz products were marine and accident policies first sold only in Germany and it distributed marine insurance coverage to German clientele looking for coverage abroad. In 1900 the company became the first insurer to obtain a license to distribute corporate policies, in 1904 Paul Von Naher took over the sole leadership of the company, as it moved into the US and other markets. Markets entered by 1914 included the Netherlands, Italy, Belgium, France, the Scandinavian countries and the Baltic States, the company suffered an early disaster in expansion, when the 1906 San Francisco earthquake caused the company to sustain 300,000 marks in losses. In 1905 the company acquired Fides Insurance Company, a firm that had innovated the first form of home invasion insurance, other places it would expand into during the 1910s and 1920s included Palestine, Cyprus, Iraq, China, the Dutch Indies, Ceylon, and Siam. In 1905 the company began to fire insurance, and in 1911 it began to sell machinery breakdown policies. Allianz remained the company in the world that sold machine breakdown insurance until 1924. Then in 1918 it began to offer insurance as well. In 1921 Von Naher died and was succeeded by Kurt Schmitt, the company would begin to offer life insurance as of 1922, becoming Europes largest offerer of the policies by the end of the 1920s. Expansion of the company then slowed until 1938 at which point it employed more than 24,000 people. Christian Stadler wrote of the history of Allianz that it shows how important it is to diversify into related areas to hedge against the risk of fundamental changes in markets, during World War II the Berlin headquarters of Allianz were destroyed by Allied bombing runs. Following the end of the war in 1945, Hans Heb became head of the company, Heb only held the position until 1948, when he was replaced by Hans Goudefroy. After World War II, global business activities were gradually resumed, Allianz opened an office in Paris in 1959, and started repurchasing stakes in former subsidiaries in Italy and Austria. In 1971 Wolfgang Schieren became the head of the company and these expansions were followed in the 1970s by the establishment of business in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Spain, Brazil and the United States. In 1986, Allianz acquired Cornhill Insurance PLC, London, in 1990, Allianz started an expansion into eight Eastern European countries with establishing a presence in Hungary

8. Munich Re – Munich Re Group or Munich Reinsurance Company is a reinsurance company based in Munich, Germany. It is one of the world’s leading reinsurers, ERGO, a Munich Re subsidiary, is the Group’s primary insurance arm. Munich Res shares are listed on all German stock exchanges and on the Xetra electronic trading system, Munich Re is included in the DAX index at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the Euro Stoxx 50, and other indices. This was followed by the founding of Allianz Versicherungs-Gesellschaft in 1890, carl von Thieme was head of Munich Re until 1921, and Wilhelm von Finck served as Chairman of the supervisory board until 1924. Munich Re became renowned after the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 as the insurer that remained solvent after paying out all the claims. In 2015 the companys equity amounted to €31.0 billion, the group’s premium income for the year was €50.4 billion, with its consolidated result amounting to €3,122 million. In February 2010, U. S. investor Warren Buffett became Munich Res largest single shareholder of the company, as of December 2015 he reduced his holdings to less than 3 percent. Besides its reinsurance business, the Munich Re Group also transacts primary insurance business through the ERGO Group and it assumes part of the risk covered by these insurance companies, as well as providing comprehensive advice on insurance business. In addition to its Munich head office, Munich Re has more than 50 Business Units around the world, Munich Re provides reinsurance cover for life, health, casualty, transport, aviation, space, fire and engineering business. In 2015, gross premiums written in the reinsurance segment amounted to around €28. 2bn, Munich Re’s primary insurance operations are mainly concentrated in the ERGO Insurance Group. ERGO writes all types of life and health insurance and most types of property and casualty insurance, outside Germany, ERGO is present in more than 30 countries around the world, servicing around 35 million clients. Members of the ERGO Group include the insurance subsidiaries D. A. S, DKV and Europäische Reiseversicherung AG, and the IT service provider ITERGO. With a gross premium written of about €16. 5bn in 2015, founded in 1999, MEAG MUNICH ERGO AssetManagement GmbH manages the assets of Munich Re, ERGO, and external clients. Their purpose is to manage and increase investments of Munich Re and ERGO, MEAG manages Munich Re’s global investments amounting to €227bn. BlackRock, München Free float is stated to be nearly 100%, Munich Reinsurance America American Modern Insurance Group Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company Accounts prepared according to IFRS. The Munich Re Foundation is an organisation, which was founded by Munich Re. The foundation is equipped with a capital of €50 million and works predominantly in newly industrializing and developing countries, the main topics of the foundation are, Environmental and climatic changes Microinsurance and poverty reduction Water as a resource and risk factor Disaster prevention. The prime concern of the foundation is to develop solutions for people at risk, the knowledge of Munich Res experts should therefore be translated into action

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Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Ошибка Lua в Модуль:Wikidata на строке 170: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).

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Страшный костёр догорал, иногда ещё вспыхивая на ветру гаснущими, красными углями. За день ветер усилился и теперь бушевал во всю, разнося по долине чёрные облака копоти и гари, приправленные сладковатым запахом горелой человеческой плоти... У погребального костра, наталкиваясь на близстоявших, потерянно бродил странный, отрешённый человек... Время от времени вскрикивая чьё-то имя, он вдруг хватался за голову и начинал громко, душераздирающе рыдать. Окружающая его толпа расступалась, уважая чужое горе. А человек снова медленно брёл, ничего не видя и не замечая... Он был седым, сгорбленным и уставшим. Резкие порывы ветра развевали его длинные седые волосы, рвали с тела тонкую тёмную одежду... На мгновение человек обернулся и – о, боги!.. Он был совсем ещё молодым!!! Измождённое тонкое лицо дышало болью... А широко распахнутые серые глаза смотрели удивлённо, казалось, не понимая, где и почему он находился. Вдруг человек дико закричал и... бросился прямо в костёр!.. Вернее, в то, что от него оставалось... Рядом стоявшие люди пытались схватить его за руку, но не успели. Человек рухнул ниц на догоравшие красные угли, прижимая к груди что-то цветное...

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